The David T. Nederlander Theatre (formerly the Billy Rose Theatre and National Theatre; commonly shortened to the Nederlander Theatre) is a 1,232-seat Broadway theater at 208 West 41st Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is one of the Nederlander Organization's nine Broadway theaters. Since 1980 it has been named for 20th century American theater impresario David Tobias Nederlander. The musical comedy Shucked, an original new Broadway musical that puts the "culture" back in agriculture,  is scheduled to open at the Nederlander in April 2023. 

The commonly held history is that Walter C. Jordan built the theatre at a cost of $950,000. It opened September 1, 1921, as the National Theatre and seated 1,200 people. The Shubert Organization owned the venue until 1956, when Harry Fromkes purchased it as part of the settlement of the Shubert antitrust case. Fromkes died after a fall from his apartment, and his estate sold it to Billy Rose, who renamed it after himself in 1959. The Nederlander Organization purchased the venue in 1979 and briefly renamed it the Trafalgar Theatre before dubbing it the David T. Nederlander Theatre in 1980. It housed the Times Square Church before Nederlander sold the Mark Hellinger Theatre to the church's pastor, David Wilkerson. During the 2008 restoration of the venue, the owners discovered records indicating that the theatre was constructed as a carpenter's shop in 1920 before being converted to an entertainment venue the following year. This would mean that the Nederlander joins the Broadway and Winter Garden theatres as the only Broadway houses not originally built as such.

The venue has hosted a wide variety of shows, including the Mercury Theatre production of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac, Noël Coward's Private Lives, Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and the Tony award-winning Rent. Lena Horne won a 1981 Tony Award for her performance at the Nederlander in her eponymous Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music.

When RENT, set in the Alphabet City neighborhood of Manhattan's East Village, opened in 1996, the theater underwent remodeling of the façade and interior to resemble a downtown nightclub. When Rent closed in 2008, refurbishing quickly got underway for the new show, a revival of Guys and Dolls starring Oliver Platt and Lauren Graham. The show played only 147 performances and was a box office failure when it closed on June 14, 2009. The Neil Simon plays Brighton Beach Memoirs and Broadway Bound were to premiere at the theatre in the fall and perform alternating shows. However, due to weak ticket sales for Brighton Beach Memoirs, the show closed November 1, 2009, and the planned production of Broadway Bound was canceled.

The musical Million Dollar Quartet made its Broadway debut at the theatre April 11, 2010, and played through June 12, 2011. Following MDQ, Newsies opened for a limited engagement, which was subsequently converted to an open run. Newsies closed August 24, 2014, and began touring in October. The musical Honeymoon in Vegas began previews November 18, 2014, with its official opening on January 15, 2015. Amazing Grace, played from the summer through the fall of 2015.

A new musical, Disaster!, by Seth Rudetsky and Jack Plotnick, began performances on February 9, 2016.

On March 12, 2020 the theater closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reopened on September 25, 2021 with performances of The Lehman Trilogy.